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Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, is thought to have formed about 2.5 million years ago from a large active volcano whose cone collapsed inward after a major eruption, leaving the present vast, unbroken caldera as its chief remnant. The caldera's floor is predominantly open grassland. It is home to a diverse array of animals including elephants, black rhinoceroses, leopards, buffalo, zebras, warthogs, gnu , Grant's and Thomson's gazelles, and the densest population of lions in the world. The local Masai people also graze their livestock in the crater.